ELL / EL

English Language Learner (ELL), or simply English Learner (EL), is the term used in K-12 US education for a student whose first language is not English and who is learning English. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) Title III uses 'English Learner' as the official federal term.

Schools identify ELs through home-language surveys at enrollment, language proficiency assessments, and ongoing classroom assessment. EL status drives federal funding under ESSA Title III, requires specific instructional services, and triggers parent-engagement requirements (including translated communications and qualified interpretation for parent meetings).

ELs are reclassified as Fluent English Proficient (FEP) when they demonstrate English proficiency on the state-mandated assessment (WIDA ACCESS in most states, ELPA21 in others). FEP students continue to be monitored for 2–4 years after reclassification.